The H5N1 avian influenza virus has so far shown no signs of adapting to allow human to human transmission, the UN health agency said on Wednesday, urging continued surveillance.
So far, one human case has been reported in the United States since the outbreak of bird flu among the millions of dairy cattle across the country. At least 220 people are subject to monitoring and at least 30 have been tested.
“However, many more people have been exposed to infected animals, and it is important that all those exposed are tested or monitored, and receive care if needed,” Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the UN World Health Organization (WHO), said at his regular press briefing.
“So far, the virus does not show signs of having adapted to spread among humans, but more surveillance is needed,” he urged.
Pasteurization kills the virus
The WHO chief also said that though the virus has been detected in raw milk in the US, “preliminary tests show that pasteurization kills the virus”.
“WHO’s standing advice in all countries is that people should consume pasteurized milk,” he highlighted.
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Pasteurization is a heat treatment process for milk that reduces the numbers of possible pathogenic microorganisms to levels at which they do not represent a significant health hazard. It also extends the usable life of milk.
Public health risk ‘low’
Tedros also noted that based on the available information, WHO continues to assess the “public health risk posed by H5N1 avian influenza to be low, and low-to-moderate for people exposed to infected animals”.
He added that the agency has a system for monitoring influenza globally, through a network of centres in 130 countries, seven Collaborating Centres and 12 reference laboratories with the capacities and biosafety requirements to deal with H5 viruses.
“We also have the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework, to support the rapid development and equitable distribution of vaccines in case of an influenza pandemic,” he said.
H5N1 spread
In recent years, H5N1 has spread widely among wild birds, poultry, land and marine mammals, and now among dairy cattle.
Since 2021, there have been 28 reported cases in humans, although no human-to-human transmission has been documented.
The outbreak in the United States has so far infected 36 dairy herds in nine states.
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So far, one human case has been reported in the United States since the outbreak of bird flu among the millions of dairy cattle across the country. At least 220 people are subject to monitoring and at least 30 have been tested. However, many more people have been exposed to infected animals, and it is important that all those exposed are tested or monitored, and receive care if needed. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Director-General of the UN World Health Organization (WHO), said at his regular press briefing. So far, the virus does not show signs of having adapted to spread among humans, but more surveillance is needed. Based on WHO’s advice, it’s crucial to consume pasteurized milk to ensure safety from potential pathogens.
Do you think the current surveillance measures are sufficient to prevent potential human-to-human transmission in the future?
Has there been any updates on the research regarding the potential spread of the H5N1 bird flu among humans? Is there a specific timeline for when more information might become available?
Has there been any research on how effective pasteurization is in killing the H5N1 virus in milk? Should people in affected areas be cautious even with pasteurized milk?